Chal Ravens reports in Fact Magazine that Hudson Valley-based composer Pauline Oliveros, who pioneered the concept of “deep listening,” has died at age 84. Flutist Claire Chase first reported the news Nov. 25 on Instagram and it was confirmed by many posts on Facebook and Twitter. Oliveros was a founding member of the San Francisco Tape Music Center in the 1960s, and collaborated with Terry Riley and modular synthesist Morton Subotnick. On Nov. 21 she read from John Cage's letters at an event in Manhattan broadcast on WGXC. In 2003 she explained her "deep listening" concept: “In hearing, the ears take in all the sound waves and particles and deliver them to the audio cortex where the listening takes place. We cannot turn off our ears–the ears are always taking in sound information–but we can turn off our listening. I feel that listening is the basis of creativity and culture. How you’re listening, is how you develop a culture and how a community of people listens, is what creates their culture.” Oliveros taught at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in Troy and Mills College in California, and lived in Kingston, New York.